What term refers to a short statement encapsulating a general truth?

The term that best refers to a short statement encapsulating a general truth is "proverb." A proverb is a widely recognized saying that conveys a specific lesson or piece of advice based on common wisdom. These sayings often reflect cultural norms and moral values, making them memorable and easy to share. Proverbs can be found in many different cultures and languages, highlighting their universal nature in expressing truths that resonate across various societies.

While "maxim" also refers to a general truth, it often emphasizes a principle of conduct and may not carry the same level of cultural or historical resonance as a proverb. A "gnome," in the context of language, typically relates to a concise statement or epigram but is much less common in use than proverb or maxim. "Parable," on the other hand, is a short story illustrating a moral or lesson, which makes it a narrative form rather than a succinct statement. Thus, proverb is the most appropriate term in this context for encapsulating a general truth succinctly.